The way things should be
Talking about the way things are supposed to be
In this lesson, we'll learn how to express the way things are supposed depending on what we mean by "supposed". While the first two grammar points ใใฏใใ and
ใในใใ come up often and are quite useful, you'll rarely ever encounter ใในใใ or ใในใใใใ. You can safely skip those lessons unless you are studying for the ๏ผ็ดๆฅๆฌ่ชๆคๅฎ.
Using ใใฏใใ to describe an expectation
The first grammar we will learn is ใใฏใใ, which is used to express something that was or is supposed to be. You can treat ใใฏใใ just
like a regular noun as it is usually attached to the adjective or verb that is supposed to be or supposed to happen.
The only thing to be careful about here is expressing an expectation of something not happening. To do this, you must
use the negative existence verb ใใชใใ to say that such an expectation does not exist. This might
be in the form of ใ๏ฝใฏใใใชใใ or ใ๏ฝใฏใใฏใชใใ depending on which particle you want to use.
The negative conjugation ใใฏใใใใชใใ is really only used when you want to confirm in a positive sense such as ใ๏ฝใฏใใใใชใใ๏ผใ.
Using ใใฏใใ to describe an expectation
- Use ใใฏใใ just like a regular noun to modify the expected thing
- ไพ๏ผใๅ้จๆฅใฎใฏใ (noun)
- ไพ๏ผใๅฏ่ฝใชใฏใ (na-adjective)
- ไพ๏ผใใใใใใฏใ (i-adjective)
- ไพ๏ผใๅธฐใใฏใ (verb)
- For the case where you expect the negative, use the ใใชใใ verb for nonexistence
- ไพ๏ผใๅธฐใใฏใ โ ๅธฐใใฏใใใชใ
Examples
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๅฝผใฏๆผซ็ปใใใขใ ใใใใใใใใใๅ
จ้จ่ชญใใ ใฏใใ ใใ
- He's has a mania for comic book so I expect he read all these already.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใฎๆ็ใฏใใใใใฏใใ ใฃใใใ็ฆใใกใใฃใฆใใพใใใชใฃใใ
- This dish was expected to be tasty but it burned and became distasteful.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ่ฒใ
ไบๅฎใใฆใใใใใไปๅนดใฏๆฅฝใใใฏใชในใในใฎใฏใใ
- Because various things have been planned out, I expect a fun Christmas this year.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใ็ฐกๅใซ็ดใใใฏใใใชใใใ
- It's not supposed to be that easy to fix.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๆๅใใฏๆฏ้ฑ๏ผๆใใๅงใพใใฏใใใใชใใงใใ๏ผ
- This meeting is supposed to start every week at 2 o'clock, isn't it?
Here are more examples from the WWWJDIC.
You may also want to check out the jeKai entry.
Using ใในใใ to describe actions one should do
ใในใใ is a verb suffix used to describe something that is supposed to be done. This suffix is commonly defined as "should", however, one must realize that it cannot
be used to make suggestions like the sentence, "You should go to the doctor." If you use ใในใใ, it sounds more like, "You are supposed to go to the doctor."
ใในใใ has a much stronger tone and makes you sound like a know-it-all telling people what to do. For making suggestions, it is customary to use the comparison
ใๆนใใใใ grammar instead.
For this reason, this grammar is almost never used to directly tell someone what to do. It is usually used in reference to oneself where you can be as bossy as you want or
in a neutral context where circumstances dictate what is proper and what is not. One such example would be a sentence like,
"We are supposed to raise our kids properly with a good education."
Unlike the ใใฏใใ grammar, there is
no expectation that something is going to happen. Rather, this grammar describes what one should do in a given circumstance. In Japanese, you might define it as
meaning ใ็ตถๅฏพใงใฏใชใใใๅผทใๆจๅฅจใใใฆใใใ.
There is very little of grammatical interest. ใในใใ works just like a regular noun and so you can conjugated it as ใในใใใใชใใใใในใใ ใฃใใ, and so on.
The only thing to note here is that when you're using it with ใใใใ, the verb meaning "to do",
you can optionally drop the ใใใ from ใใใในใใ to produce ใใในใใ.
You can do this with this verb only and it does not apply for any other verbs even if the verb is written as ใใใใ such as ใๆฆใใ, the verb meaning "to rub".
Using ใในใใ for actions that should be done
- Attach ใในใใ to the action that should be done
- ไพ๏ผใ่กใ โ ่กใในใ
- ไพ๏ผใใใ โ ใใในใ
- For the generic "to do " verb ใใใใ only, you can remove the ใใใ
- ไพ๏ผใใ
ใในใ โ ใในใ
Examples
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใไฝใใ่ฒทใๅใซๆฌๅฝใซๅฟ
่ฆใใฉใใใใใ่ใใในใใ ใ
- Before buying something, one should think well on whether it's really necessary or not.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใไพใๅฝใฎใใใงใใฃใฆใใๅฝๆฐใ้จใในใใงใฏใชใใจๆใใ
- Even if it is, for example, for the country, I don't think the country's citizens should be deceived.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ้ ้่
ใๅคงๆ้่กใ็ธๆๅใฃใฆ่จด่จใ่ตทใใใฑใผในใๅบใฆใใใ้่ๅบใฏ่ขซๅฎณ่
ใฎๆๆธใๅชๅ
ใใใฆใ้่ๆฉ้ขใซ็ฏ็ฝช้ฒๆญขๅฏพ็ญใฎๅผทๅใไฟใในใใ ใจๅคๆญใ๏ผๆๆฅๆฐ่๏ผ
- With cases coming out of depositors suing large banks, the Financial Services Agency decided it should prioritize relief for victims and urge banks to strengthen measures for crime prevention.
Here are more examples from the WWWJDIC.
Using ใในใใ to describe what one tries to do
Grammatically, ใในใใ is really a conjunctive form ๏ผ้ฃ็จๅฝข๏ผ of ใในใใ, similar to what the te-form does to connect another
phrase. However, what needs
mentioning here is that by changing it into a conjunctive and adding a predicate, the meaning of ใในใใ changes from the ordinary meaning of ใในใใ. While ใในใใ describes a
strong suggestion, changing it to ใในใใ allows you to describe what one did in order to carry out that suggestion. Take a look that the following examples to see
how the meaning changes.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๆฉใๅธฐใในใใ
Should go home early.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๆฉใๅธฐใในใใๆบๅใใๅงใใใ
In trying to go home early, started the preparations.
As we can see in this example, adding the ใๆบๅใใๅงใใใ tells us what the subject did in order to carry out the action he/she was supposed to do.
In this way we can define ใในใใ as meaning, "in order to" or "in an effort to". Similarly, ใในใใ might mean the Japanese equivalent of ใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใ or ใใงใใใใใซใ.
This is a very seldom-used old-fashioned expression and is merely presented here to completely cover all aspects of ใในใใ.
Using ใในใใ for actions that are attempted to be done
- Attach ใในใใ to the action that is attempted to be done
- ไพ๏ผใ่กใ โ ่กใในใ
- ไพ๏ผใใใ โ ใใในใ
- Same as ใในใใ, you can remove the ใใใ for the generic "to do " verb ใใใใ only
- ไพ๏ผใใ
ใในใ โ ใในใ
Examples
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใในใใ็ไธ็ๆธๅฝใซๅๅผทใใฆใใใ
Everybody is studying very hard in an effort to pass the exam.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใไปๅพใใๅฎขๆงใจใฎๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎ็ชๅฃใจใใฆใใใๅ
ๅฎใใฆใใในใๅชๅใใฆใพใใใพใ
We are working from here in an effort to provide a enriched window for customer interaction.
Using ใในใใใใ to describe things one must not do
Moving on to yet another from of ใในใใ is ใในใใใใ. This is undoubtedly related to the ใใใ negative ending we learned in this previous section.
However, it seems to be a conjugation of an old ๆช็ถๅฝข of ใในใใใ. I have no idea what that means and you don't have to either. The only thing we need to take away
from this is that ใในใใใใ expresses the opposite meaning of ใในใใ as an action that one must not do. I suppose the short abrupt ending of the ใใใ form
makes this more useful for laying out rules. In fact, searching around on google comes up with a bunch of ใในใ๏ฝฅใใใใใ or "do's and don'ts". ๏ผในใ is an even older
form of ในใ, which I doubt you'll ever need.)
Using ใในใใใใ for actions that must not be done
- Attach ใในใใใใ to the action that must not be done
- ไพ๏ผใ่กใ โ ่กใในใใใ
- ไพ๏ผใใใ โ ใใในใใใ
- Same as ใในใใ, you can remove the ใใใ for the generic "to do " verb ใใใใ only
- ไพ๏ผใใ
ใในใใใ โ ใในใใใ
Examples
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใดใๆจใฆใในใใใใ
-You must not throw away trash.
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๅฎๅ
จๆช็ฝฎใๅฟใใในใใใใ
-You must not forget the safety equipment.
This page has last been revised on 2005/1/13
